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As the backbone of global Internet connectivity, the submarine cable network (SCN) faces growing threats with serious economic and security implications. Strengthening its resilience requires a clear understanding of which cables and landing points are most critical. This depends on accurately mapping traffic onto the underlying infrastructure to identify vulnerabilities and assess their regional and global impact. Yet existing methods often lack the resolution and fidelity needed for such analysis, leaving researchers and policymakers without the insights to safeguard this vital system. This paper introduces Calypso, a framework for mapping traceroute paths to the submarine cables they traverse. Calypso integrates ownership records, routing metadata, and geographic constraints to infer cable usage despite the opacity of the SCN and challenges such as route virtualization and inland infrastructure. It also defines Route Stress, a traceroute-derived metric for estimating the relative importance of submarine cables. Through expert validation, failure analysis, and regional case studies, we demonstrate Calypso’s utility in revealing SCN dependencies and informing resilience efforts. 

The Internet's connectivity relies on a fragile submarine cable network (SCN), yet existing tools fall short in assessing its criticality. We introduce Calypso, a new framework that leverages traceroute data to map traffic to submarine cables. Validated through real-world case studies, Calypso reveals hidden risks and offers new insights to enhancing SCN resilience. 

The Venezuelan crisis, unfolding over the past decade, has garnered international attention due to its impact on various sectors of civil society. While studies have extensively covered the crisis's effects on public health, energy, and water management, this paper delves into a previously unexplored area - the impact on Venezuela's Internet infrastructure. Amidst Venezuela's multifaceted challenges, understanding the repercussions of this critical aspect of modern society becomes imperative for the country's recovery. Leveraging measurements from various sources, we present a comprehensive view of the changes undergone by the Venezuelan network in the past decade. Our study reveals the significant impact of the crisis captured by different signals, including bandwidth stagnation, limited growth on network infrastructure growth, and high latency compared to the Latin American average. Beyond offering a new perspective on the Venezuelan crisis, our study can help inform attempts at devising strategies for its recovery. 

We present a longitudinal study of intercontinental long-haul links (LHL) - links with latencies significantly higher than that of all other links in a traceroute path. Our study is motivated by the recognition of these LHLs as a network-layer manifestation of transoceanic undersea cables. We present a methodology and associated processing system for identifying long-haul links in traceroute measurements, and report on our findings from. We apply this system to a large corpus of traceroute data and report on multiple aspects of long haul connectivity including country-level prevalence, routers as international gateways, preferred long-haul destinations, and the evolution of these characteristics over a 7 year period. 

We present a longitudinal study of intercontinental long-haul links (LHL) - links with latencies significantly higher than that of all other links in a traceroute path. Our study is motivated by the recognition of these LHLs as a network-layer manifestation of transoceanic undersea cables. We present a methodology and associated processing system for identifying long-haul links in traceroute measurements, and report on our findings from. We apply this system to a large corpus of traceroute data and report on multiple aspects of long haul connectivity including country-level prevalence, routers as international gateways, preferred long-haul destinations, and the evolution of these characteristics over a 7 year period. 

We present a longitudinal study of intercontinental long-haul links (LHLs) - links with latencies significantly higher than that of all other links in a traceroute path. Our study is motivated by the recognition of these LHLs as a network-layer manifestation of critical transoceanic undersea cables. We present a methodology and associated processing system for identifying long-haul links in traceroute measurements. We apply this system to a large corpus of traceroute data and report on multiple aspects of long haul connectivity including country-level prevalence, routers as international gateways, preferred long-haul destinations, and the evolution of these characteristics over a 7 year period. We identify 85,620 layer-3 links (out of 2.7M links in a large traceroute dataset) that satisfy our definition for intercontinental long haul with many of them terminating in a relatively small number of nodes. An analysis of connected components shows a clearly dominant component with a relative size that remains stable despite a significant growth of the long-haul infrastructure.